Homossexualidade, família e religião: uma análise psicossocial de orações para Bobby / Homosexualidad, familia y religión: un análisis psicosocial de oraciones por Bobby / Homosexuality, family and religion: a psychosocial analysis of prayers for Bobby

RESUMO Discute-se a relação entre homossexualidade, religião e família, a partir da Psicologia Sócio-histórica. Busca-se investigar, por meio de uma análise fílmica, os sentidos e significados apresentados pela família, em relação à homossexualidade. Para tanto, utiliza-se a produção filmográfica Orações para Bobby, como um documento cultural, datado historicamente, que permite evidenciar as formas de vivências psicossociais. Nesta proposição, metodologicamente são adotados procedimentos de identificação, recorte, descrição e interpretação de cenas emblemáticas. Desse modo, realizaram-se a identificação, o recorte e a localização temporal, a descrição detalhada de textos das cenas com seus aspectos visuais e auditivos e construíram-se três categorias de análise das 16 cenas emblemáticas selecionadas: significados de religião, homossexualidade e família; significado de homossexualidade e suicídio; e impactos intergeracionais do signo da homossexualidade. Os resultados indicam que a relação entre a homossexualidade assumida, dogmas religiosos e família tradicional podem desencadear atos suicidas com motivação volitiva e consciente; as acepções de signo, sentidos, significado, mediação e internalização contribuíram para compreender o impacto que os conceitos da homossexualidade, socialmente construídos, incidem na vivência da sexualidade de jovens homossexuais e seus relacionamentos afetivos no âmbito social e familiar. O significado da homossexualidade apresenta-se de forma pejorativa, com força de materialidade histórica e de manutenção hegemônica de ideias, por meio de grupos conservadores, que encontram na família um lugar afetuoso e subjetivo, de reprodução fértil, ao passo que coletivos identitários, como a comunidade LGBTQIA+, buscam espaços para o debate político com avanços e rupturas dessas noções, historicamente construídas, no processo de significação da sexualidade.

RESUMEN. Se discute la relación entre la homosexualidad, religión y familia, establecido em la psicologia sociohistórica. Busca indagar, a través de un análisis fílmico, los sentidos y significados presentados por la familia, en relación a la homosexualidad. Para esto, se usa la producción cinematográfica, Oraciones por Bobby como documento histórico y cultural que permite ressaltar las formas de las experiencias psicosociales. En esta proposición se adoptan metodologicamente procedimientos de identificación, recorte, descripción e interpretación de escenas emblemáticas. De este modo, se cosntruyeron tres categorías de análisis de las 16 escenas emblemáticas seleccionadas: significados de religión, homosexualidad y familia; significado de homosexualidad y suicido y los impactos intereracionales de los signos de la homosexualidad. Los resultados indican que larelación entre la homosexualidad asumida, los dogmas religiosos y la familia tradicional puede desencadenar actos suicidas com motivación volitiva y consciente; los significados del signo, los sentidos, el significado, la mediación y la internalización contribuyeron a la comprensióndel impacto que los conceptos de homosexualidad, construidos socialmente, tienen en la experiencia de la sexualidad de los jóvenes homosexuales y sus relaciones afectivas en la esfera social y familiar. Finalmente, se considera que la producción cinematográfica anima las discusiones sobre temas y fenómenos complejos, conorígenes históricas y representaciones persistentes, en el cualmoviliza nuevas formas de pensar y construir lo social; el significado de la homosexualidad se presenta de manera peyorativa , com lafuerza de la materialidade histórica y el mantenimiento hegemónico de las ideas, a través de grupos conservadores, que encuentran en la família un lugar, cariñoso y subjetivo, de reproducción fértil, mientras que los colectivos de identidad, la comunidad LGBTQIA+ busca espacios para el debate político y los avances y rupturas de estas nociones, historicamente construidas, en el processo de significar la sexualidad. Se insertan nuevos componentes, a través de las historias de personas que intercambian visiones y palabras impregnadas de sentido, que se reformulan constantemente.

ABSTRACT The relationship among homosexuality, religion and family is discussed, based on Socio-historical Psychology. For this purpose, the movie Prayers for Bobby is used as a cultural document, historically dated, which allows highlighting the forms of psychosocial experiences. Three categories of analysis of the 16 selected emblematic scenes were constructed: meanings of religion, homosexuality and family; the meaning of homosexuality and suicide; and intergenerational impacts of the homosexuality sign. The results indicate that the relationship among assumed homosexuality, religious dogma and the traditional family can trigger suicidal acts with volitional and conscious motivation; the sign, senses, meaning, mediation and internalization approaches have contributed to understanding the impact that socially constructed concepts of homosexuality have on the experience of young homosexuals sexuality and their affective relationships in the social and family spheres. Finally, it is considered that cinematographic production encourages discussions of complex issues and phenomena with persistent origins and historical representations, which mobilize new ways of thinking and constructing society. Homosexual meaning is set out pejoratively, with the strength of historical materiality and hegemonic maintenance of ideas, through conservative groups, who find an affectionate and subjective, fertile reproduction place in the family. In contrast, identity collectives, the LGBTQIA+ community, seek spaces for political debate and advances and ruptures of historically constructed notions in the process of signifying sexuality. The individuals' stories exchanging visions and words are inserted with new components constantly reformulated with meaning.

Aporte espiritual/religioso pela enfermagem no tratamento do câncer de mama: revisão integrativa / Spiritual/religious support for nursing in the treatment of breast cancer: integrative review / Apoyo espiritual/religioso de la enfermería en el tratamiento del cáncer de mama: revisión integrativa

Objetivo: analisar na literatura científica a importância da abordagem espiritual/religiosa pela equipe de enfermagem no tratamento do câncer de mama. Método: revisão integrativa, realizada na BDENF, LILACS e SCOPUS. Resultados: foram selecionados seis estudos, evidenciou-se que a abordagem espiritual/religiosa pelos profissionais de enfermagem auxilia para o enfrentamento positivo do câncer de mama. Assim, emergiu a categoria.: Abordagem espiritual/religiosa na assistência de enfermagem e suas repercussões positivas para o enfrentamento do câncer de mama. Conclusão: a categoria da enfermagem integra a rede de apoio social para o alívio do sofrimento, por meio do aporte espiritual/religioso, auxiliando para a minimização de sentimentos negativos associados ao diagnóstico e aos eventos adversos dos tratamentos, sendo importante incluir discussões acerca desta temática na formação de nível técnico e graduação em enfermagem.

Objective: to analyze in the scientific literature the importance of the spiritual/religious approach by the nursing team in the treatment of breast cancer. Method: integrative review, carried out in BDENF, LILACS and SCOPUS. Results: six studies were selected, showing that the spiritual/religious approach by nursing professionals helps to cope positively with breast cancer. Thus, the following category emerged: Spiritual/religious approach in nursing care and its positive repercussions for coping with breast cancer. Conclusion: the nursing category is part of the social support network for relieving suffering, through spiritual/religious support, helping to minimize negative feelings associated with the diagnosis and adverse treatment events, and it is important to include discussions on this topic in technical and undergraduate nursing training.

Objetivos:analizar la importancia del abordaje espiritual/religioso por el equipo de enfermería en el tratamiento del cáncer de mama en la literatura científica. Método: revisión integradora, realizada en BDENF, LILACS y SCOPUS. Resultados: fueron seleccionados seis estudios que demuestran que el abordaje espiritual/religioso por profesionales de enfermería ayuda a enfrentar positivamente el cáncer de mama. Surgió la siguiente categoría: Enfoque espiritual/religioso en los cuidados de enfermería y sus repercusiones positivas para el afrontamiento del cáncer de mama. Conclusión: la categoría de enfermería forma parte de la red de apoyo social para aliviar el sufrimiento, a través del apoyo espiritual/religioso, ayudando a minimizar los sentimientos negativos asociados al diagnóstico y a los eventos adversos de los tratamientos, siendo importante incluir discusiones sobre este tema en la formación técnica y de pregrado de enfermería.

Religiosidade/espiritualidade entre a população brasileira diante da pandemia Covid-19 e a correlação com a qualidade de vida / Religiosity/spirituality among the brazilian population in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic and the correlation with quality of life / Religiosidad/espiritualidad en la población brasileña frente a la pandemia de Covid-19 y la correlación con la calidad de vida

A pandemia causada pelo SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) trouxe inúmeros impactos na vida cotidiana, tanto nos aspectos econômicos, como nos emocionais, psicológicos e sociais. Em situações difíceis, as pessoas, muitas vezes, recorrem à espiritualidade ou à religiosidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a presença da religiosidade/espiritualidade entre a população brasileira diante da pandemia da COVID- 19, correlacionado com a qualidade de vida. É um estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal, realizado nos últimos meses de 2020. Os dados foram coletados por meio de respostas aos instrumentos WHOQOL-Bref e o WHOQOL-SRPB, de forma online, por meio do Google Forms®. Utilizou-se o método de amostragem não probabilístico do tipo snowball sampling, totalizando 948 respostas. Os dados foram tabulados por meio do software Microsoft Excel (2019) e analisados estatisticamente, considerando significativo p<0,05. Os dados apresentados mostram de forma enfática como os participantes que pertencem a alguma religião, apresentaram melhor relação nos domínios saúde psicológica, independência, meio ambiente e espiritualidade/religião/crenças pessoais em comparação àqueles que declaram não pertencer a uma religião. No entanto, não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa para os domínios saúde física e relações sociais. Conclui-se que o pertencimento a uma religião pode contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade de vida e auxiliar o enfrentamento das situações desfavoráveis durante a pandemia COVID-19. Diante disso, destaca-se a importância do desenvolvimento de novos estudos sobre o tema, para compreender com mais veemência e detalhamento, a relação dessas variáveis em contextos de crise que possam alterar a rotina de vida das pessoas.

The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has brought numerous impacts on daily life, both in economic, emotional, psychological, and social aspects. In difficult situations, people often turn to spirituality or religiosity. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of religiosity/spirituality among the Brazilian population facing the pandemic of COVID-19, correlated with quality of life. Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted in the last months of 2020. Data were collected by means of responses to the WHOQOL-Bref and the WHOQOL-SRPB instruments, online, through Google Forms®. The non-probabilistic snowball sampling method was used, totaling 948 answers. Data were tabulated using Microsoft Excel software (2019) and statistically analyzed, considering p<0.05 significant. The data presented emphatically show how the participants, who belong to some religion, presented a better relationship in the domains psychological health, independence, and environment and spirituality/religion/personal beliefs compared to those who do not have a religion. However, there was no statistically significant difference for the physical health and social relationships domains. It is concluded that belonging to a religion can contribute to improved quality of life and assist in coping with unfavorable situations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the importance of developing new studies on the subject is highlighted, in order to understand more vehemently the relationship of these variables in crisis contexts that can change the routine of people's lives.

La pandemia causada por el SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) ha traído numerosos impactos en la vida cotidiana, tanto en los aspectos económicos, emocionales, psicológicos y sociales. En situaciones difíciles, las personas suelen recurrir a la espiritualidad o la religiosidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la presencia de religiosidad/espiritualidad en la población brasileña que enfrenta la pandemia de COVID- 19, correlacionada con la calidad de vida. Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal, realizado en los últimos meses de 2020. Los datos fueron recolectados por medio de respuestas a los instrumentos WHOQOL-Bref y WHOQOL-SRPB, en línea, a través de Google Forms®. Se utilizó el método de muestreo no probabilístico de bola de nieve, totalizando 948 respuestas. Los datos fueron tabulados utilizando el software Microsoft Excel (2019) y analizados estadísticamente, considerando p<0,05 significativa. Los datos presentados muestran enfáticamente cómo los participantes, que pertenecen a alguna religión, presentaron una mejor relación en los dominios salud psicológica, independencia y entorno y espiritualidad/religión/creencias personales en comparación con aquellos que no tienen religión. Sin embargo, no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas para los dominios salud física y relaciones sociales. Se concluye que la pertenencia a una religión puede contribuir a mejorar la calidad de vida y ayudar a afrontar situaciones desfavorables durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Por lo tanto, se destaca la importancia de desarrollar nuevos estudios sobre el tema, para comprender con más vehemencia la relación de estas variables en contextos de crisis que pueden cambiar la rutina de vida de las personas.

Brazilian Psychiatric Association guidelines on the integration of spirituality into mental health clinical practice: Part 1. Spiritual history and differential diagnosis

Objectives: To present evidence-based guidelines for clinical practice regarding religiosity and spirituality in mental health care in Brazil. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify potentially eligible articles indexed in the PubMed, PsycINFO, SciELO, LILACS, and Cochrane databases. A summary of recommendations and their levels of evidence was produced in accordance with Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine guidelines. Results: The systematic review identified 6,609 articles, 41 of which satisfied all inclusion criteria. Taking a spiritual history was found to be an essential part of a compassionate and culturally sensitive approach to care. It represents a way of obtaining relevant information about the patient's religiosity/spirituality, potential conflicts that could impact treatment adherence, and improve patient satisfaction. Consistent evidence shows that reported perceptual experiences are unreliable for differentiating between anomalous experiences and psychopathology. Negative symptoms, cognitive and behavioral disorganization, and functional impairment are more helpful for distinguishing pathological and non-pathological anomalous experiences. Conclusion: Considering the importance of religiosity/spirituality for many patients, a spiritual history should be routinely included in mental health care. Anomalous experiences are highly prevalent, requiring a sensitive and evidence-based approach to differential diagnosis.

El trasfondo romántico del concepto de religión de Max Scheler

En la modernidad, la reflexión moral ha estado influida por orientaciones fundamentadas en la razón y en el sentimiento. Dos ejemplares de estas orientaciones son la Ilustración y el Romanticismo, respectivamente. El desarrollo de estos movimientos culturales e intelectuales está asociado a las demandas por los derechos políticos y sociales, junto a la insistencia en la importancia de la solidaridad y la hermandad en el desarrollo de las comunidades. Este artículo de reflexión presenta una perspectiva interpretativa del concepto de religión de Max Scheler La reflexión está enfocada en las raíces románticas de la propuesta Scheleriana, derivadas de la discusión moderna entre el Racionalismo y el Romanticismo. Adicionalmente, se presenta el contexto político y social al que responde la conceptualización de Scheler: Como resultado de esta reflexión, se concluye que el concepto de religión de Scheler reivindica la importancia de los valores y el compromiso moral frente a las crisis políticas que sufrió Europa a inicios del siglo XX.

In modernity moral reflection has been influenced by orientations grounded in reason and in feeling. Two exemplars of these orientations are the Enlightenment and Romanticism, respectively The development of these cultural and intellectual movements is associated with demands for social and political rights, together with the insistence in the importance of solidarity and brotherhood in the development of communities. This reflection paper presents an interpretative perspective of Max Scheler's concept of religion. The reflection is focused on the romantic roots of the Schelerian proposal, derived from the modern discussion between Rationalism and Romanticism. Additionally the political and social context to which Scheler's conceptualization responds is presented. As a result of this reflection, it is concluded that Scheler's concept of religion claims the importance of values and moral commitment against Europe's political crises at the beginning of the 20th century.

Na modernidade, a reflexão moral foi influenciada por orientações baseadas na razão e no sentimento. Dois exemplos dessas orientações são o Iluminismo e o Romantismo, respectivamente. O desenvolvimento desses movimentos culturais e intelectuais está associado a demandas por direitos políticos e sociais, juntamente com a insistência na importância da solidariedade e da fraternidade no desenvolvimento das comunidades. Este artigo de reflexão apresenta uma perspectiva interpretativa sobre o conceito de religião de Max Scheler O foco da reflexão são as raízes românticas da abordagem scheleriana, derivadas da discussão moderna entre racionalismo e romantismo. Além disso, é apresentado o contexto político e social ao qual a conceitualização de Scheler responde. Como resultado dessa reflexão, conclui-se que o conceito de religião de Scheler reivindica a importância dos valores e do compromisso moral diante das crises políticas sofridas pela Europa no início do século XX.

Representação social da saúde para os umbandistas e o cuidado transcultural de Madeleine / Leininger Social representation of health for Umbandists and the transcultural care of Madeleine / Leininger Representación social de la salud para los umbandistas y el cuidado transcultural de Madeleine Leininger

Objetivo: analisar a estrutura da representação social da saúde para umbandistas com vistas à abordagem do cuidado transcultural. Método: estudo qualitativo descritivo-exploratório, fundamentado na abordagem estrutural da Teoria das Representações Sociais e Teoria Transcultural de Madeleine Leininger. Os participantes foram captados pela técnica Snowball, que responderam a um questionário online, contendo caracterização sociodemográfica; escala DUREL; e instrumento de evocações livres. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e as evocações pela análise prototípica e de similitude. Resultados: participaram 110 invíduos, predominando mulheres (70%), entre 29 e 39 anos, e com alta religiosidade. A análise prototípica evidenciou vida, bem-estar e ter-fé como provavelmente centrais e hospital e médico como elementos de contraste. A análise de similitude demonstrou além dos elementos previamente e provavelmente centrais, cuidado e corpo com comportamento de centralidade. Considerações finais: concepções multidimensionais de bem-estar e qualidade de vida marcam esta representação, embasada pela alta religiosidade e o cuidado transcultural e integral em saúde.

Objective: to analyze the structure of the social representation of health for Umbanda fans with a view to approaching transcultural care. Method: qualitative descriptive-exploratory study, based on the structural approach of the Theory of Social Representations and Transcultural Theory by Madeleine Leininger. Participants were captured using the Snowball technique, who responded to an online questionnaire containing sociodemographic characteristics; DUREL scale; and instrument of free evocations. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the evocations using prototypical and similarity analysis. Results: 110 individuals participated, predominantly women (70%), between 29 and 39 years old, and with high religiosity. The prototypical analysis highlighted life, well-being and having faith as probably central and hospital and doctor as contrasting elements. The similarity analysis demonstrated, in addition to the previously and probably central elements, care and the body with centrality behavior. Final considerations: multidimensional conceptions of well-being and quality of life mark this representation, based on high religiosity and transcultural and comprehensive health care.

Objetivo: analizar la estructura de la representación social de la salud para umbandistas con miras al enfoque de la atención transcultural. Método: estudio descriptivo-exploratorio cualitativo, basado en el enfoque estructural de la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales y la Teoría Transcultural de Madeleine Leininger. Mediante la técnica de muestreo Snowball se capturó a los participantes, quienes respondieron a un cuestionario en línea que contenía caracterización sociodemográfica; escala DUREL; e instrumento de evocaciones libres. Se analizaron los datos mediante estadística descriptiva y las evocaciones por medio de análisis prototípico y de similitud. Resultados: Participaron 110 personas, predominantemente mujeres (70%), entre 29 y 39 años y con alta religiosidad. El análisis prototípico destacó 'la vida, el bienestar y el tener fe' como probablemente centrales y 'el hospital y el médico' como elementos contrastantes. El análisis de similitud demostró, además de los elementos anteriores y probablemente centrales, 'el cuidado y el cuerpo' con comportamiento de centralidad. Consideraciones finales: concepciones multidimensionales de bienestar y calidad de vida enmarcan esta representación, basada en una alta religiosidad y una atención de salud transcultural e integral.

Espiritualidade e religiosidade para mulheres umbandistas e candomblecistas: representação social e implicações na saúde / Spirituality and religiosity for umbandist and candomblecist women: social representation and health implications

Resumo O objeto de estudo se refere às representações da espiritualidade e da religiosidade para mulheres que pertencem às religiões afrodiaspóricas, em específico às que são fiéis da umbanda e do candomblé. Buscou-se analisar a estrutura representacional da espiritualidade e da religiosidade para mulheres umbandistas e candomblecistas com vistas a se pensar um modelo explicativo dessa construção simbólica e as implicações para a prática de cuidado na área da saúde. Estudo qualitativo, à luz das representações sociais em sua abordagem estrutural. Dados coletados com 207 mulheres umbandistas e candomblecistas por meio de evocações livres aos termos indutores espiritualidade e religiosidade, além da caracterização e da escala de religiosidade. As evocações foram submetidas às análises prototípica e de similitude com o Iramuteq, e os dados quantitativos, pela estatística descritiva. Os resultados mostram que os elementos centrais para a religiosidade são fé, crença, Deus e amor, enquanto para espiritualidade, fé, Orixás, Deus, paz e amor. A árvore de similitude explicita a centralidade da fé para a estruturação dessa representação. As representações se organizam ao redor da ideia de relação entre o humano e o divino.

Abstract The object of study refers to the representations of spirituality and religiosity for women who belong to Afro-diasporic religions, specifically those who are faithful to Umbanda and Candomblé. The objective was to analyze the representational structure of spirituality and religiosity for Umbandist and Candomblecist women with the aim of thinking of an explanatory model of this symbolic construction and implications for the practice of care in the area of health. Qualitative study, in the light of Social Representations in its structural approach. Data collected with 207 Umbandist and Candomblecist women through free evocations of the inducing terms "spirituality" and "religiosity", in addition to the characterization and scale of religiosity. The evocations were submitted to prototypical and similarity analyses with Iramuteq, while quantitative data to descriptive statistics. The results show that the central elements for religiosity are faith, belief, God and love, while for spirituality, they are faith, Orixás, God, peace and love. The tree of similarity explains the centrality of faith for the structuring of this representation. The representations are organized around the idea of ​​a relationship between the human and the divine.

Percepción de riesgo y religiosidad en el consumo de marihuana en adolescentes de zonas marginales / Perception of risk and religiosity in the consumption of marijuana in adolescents from marginal áreas

Resumen Objetivo: Describir el efecto de la percepción de riesgo y la religiosidad sobre el consumo de marihuana en adolescentes de zonas marginales del Estado de Chihuahua, Chihuahua. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo correlacional. El muestreo fue probabilístico aleatorio simple. La muestra final fue de 248 adolescentes de 12 a 17 años de zonas marginales de Chihuahua. Se utilizó una cédula de datos personales, inventario de religiosidad y la escala de percepción de riesgo. Resultados: El 59.3% de los adolescentes entrevistados fueron hombres, 59.7% católico y 23% cristiano. El 16.1% indicó consumo de marihuana alguna vez en la vida y 6.5% en el último año. El modelo de regresión logística de las variables de religiosidad y percepción de riesgo mostró una varianza explicada del 19% para el consumo de marihuana alguna vez en la vida, destacando que a mayor percepción de riesgo (β=-0.032, p<0.001) y mayor índice de religiosidad (β=-0.023, p<0.001) menor es la probabilidad del consumo de marihuana. Conclusiones: La percepción de riesgo y la religiosidad en adolescentes de zonas marginales muestran ser factores protectores para el consumo de marihuana. Estos resultados deben ser considerados en programas de prevención para el consumo de drogas en poblaciones marginales.

Abstract Objective: To describe the effect of the perception of risk and religiosity on the consumption of marijuana in adolescents from marginal areas of the State of Chihuahua, Chihuahua. Materials and methods: Study descriptive correlational design. The sampling was simple random probabilistic. The final sample consisted of 248 adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17 from marginal areas of Chihuahua. A personal data card, religiosity inventory and the risk perception scale were used. Results: 59.3% of the adolescents interviewed were men, of whom 59.7% said they were Catholic and 23% Christian. 16.1% indicated marijuana use at some time in their life, and 6.5% in the last year. The logistic regression model of the religiosity and risk perception variables showed an explained variance of 19% for marijuana use at some time in life, highlighting that the higher the risk perception (β=-0.032, p<.001) and a higher religiosity index (β=-0.023, p<0.001), the lower the probability of marijuana use. Conclusions: Risk perception and religiosity in adolescents from marginal areas show to be protective factors for marijuana use. These results should be analyzed in greater depth to be considered in prevention programs for drug use in marginal populations.

Religiosity and Spirituality: The Relationship Between Psychosocial Factors and Cardiovascular Health

Abstract Background: Religiosity and Spirituality (R/S), despite being different entities, are multidimensional constructs, whose influence on cardiovascular health has been increasingly studied in recent decades. Objectives: To discriminate patients into subgroups according to R/S levels, in order to compare them regarding the distribution of cardiovascular comorbidities and clinical events. Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional, analytical study. Two R/S scales were applied to a sample of patients seen at cardiology outpatient clinics. A cluster analysis was used to discriminate individuals into subgroups regarding R/S levels, which were subsequently compared regarding the frequencies of clinical variables related to cardiovascular health. A significance level of 5% was set for the statistical tests. Results: The sample included 237 patients with a mean age of 60.8 years (±10.7), of which 132 were female (55.7%). Cluster analysis (C) distinguished two groups: C1, with lower levels of R/S, and C2, with higher levels of R/S (p<0.001). C2 had a lower frequency of alcohol consumption (29.5% vs. 76.0%; p<0.001), smoking (12.9% vs. 51.0%; p<0.001), systemic arterial hypertension (SAH — 65.5% vs. 82.3%; p=0.005), dyslipidemia (58.3% vs. 77.1%; p=0.003), chronic coronary syndrome (36.7% vs. 58.3%; p=0.001), and prior cardiovascular events (15.8% vs. 36.5%; p<0.001) when compared to C1. There was also a higher frequency of females in C2 (82.0% vs. 17.7%; p<0.001). Conclusions: A better cardiovascular morbidity profile was observed in the group of patients with higher R/S levels, suggesting a probable positive relationship between R/S and cardiovascular health.

Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness among Pregnant and Recently Delivered Women in Gandhinagar District, Gujarat, India: A Community-based Cross-sectional Study

Background: Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness (BPCR) helps in improving the effective utilization of available maternal and newborn health care services through knowledge of danger sign, identifying birth place and attendant, means of transportation, managing fund for an emergency, birth companion and identification of blood donor. Aim: To find the association between socio-demographic characteristics and BPCR index indicators. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the recently delivered and pregnant women in urban and rural areas of the Gandhinagar district of Gujarat. Methods and Material: Total 420 pregnant and recently delivered women from urban and rural areas were interviewed for study. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to interview women at household setting. BPCR index is estimated by set of 7 quantifiable indicators and expressed in the percentage of women with specific characteristics. Results: Regarding ANC registration within 12th weeks of pregnancy and skilled birth attendant for delivery. Significant difference was observed with variable like APL/BPL status, education of women and their husband, parity and type of family. Conclusions: Hindu religion, APL economic status, higher education level, joint family, high parity and joint family were found important predictor of better BPCR practice.

An Assessment of Skin Diseases in People and Their Quality of Life in Bundelkhand Region of Uttar Pradesh

Background: Skin diseases occur in all age groups in developed and developing countries. Various types of skin diseases are found worldwide and depend on factors like environment, surrounding ecology, dietary habits, socioeconomic status, mental health, and literacy. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) improves after treatment or cure of the diseases. Objectives: To estimate the pattern of skin disease. To find out the quality of life and association of skin disease with sociodemographic factors among patients. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was done in skin OPD at the tertiary care center, Banda district of Uttar Pradesh, India from May 2022 to July 2022. All patients who attended to skin OPD during study period were included in the study after taking informed verbal consent. Results: Skin diseases had further divided in subcategories which were infectious conditions, pigmentary disorders, inflammatory dermatoses, miscellaneous skin conditions, benign tumor and other lesions with their percentage 44.8, 10.5, 28.6, 7.1, 2.9 and 6.2%, respectively in this study Classes of DQLI where major portion of patients (49.52%) were in ‘Small effect on patient’s life’ category. The relation of age, religion, education and member of household with history of skin disease were found to be highly statistically significant. Conclusion: Infectious skin diseases were found more common in study area. Male populations were more commonly affected. Skin diseases were more common in age group of 18–60 years. Study participants showed no predominant effect on quality of life. But small effect class had major effect on participant’s quality of life.

The Burden and Risk Factors of Reproductive Tract Infections among Married Women Aged 15-49 Years in Urban Slum of Agra Uttar Pradesh

Introduction: In developing countries, reproductive tract infection among women commonly goes undiagnosed and their sequel causes various complications. Objectives: To find out the prevalence of RTI/STI through a syndromic case approach and its correlates among women of reproductive age group. Material and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 500 eligible married women residing in urban slums of Agra by using WHO Syndromic case approch for diagnosis of RTIs/STIs. Results: The overall prevalence of RTI/STD was found to be 32.80% where vaginal discharge (22.60%) and lower abdominal pain (8.20%) were the most common syndromes. On multivariate analysis, religion, caste, type of absorbent used during menses, and history of IUD use were found to be significantly significant. Conclusion: The result of this study highlights the high prevalence and potential risk factors that contribute to the occurrence of RTI. It also emphasizes the need of training and education session of the participants to identify the early symptoms of RTI.

MAPPING THE SACRED: A GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF PLACES OF WORSHIP IN VILLAGE LADWI OF HISAR DISTRICT

Religion and geography appear to have little in common at rst glance. The majority of those who are interested in the study of religion are also generally less interested in the study of geography. Religious places have always played a signicant role in societies' social and cultural fabric. This paper explores the function of religious places in the village of Ladwi, focusing on their historical, cultural, and social signicance. Through examining the sacred spaces with an empirical approach, the paper explores how religious places contribute to the spiritual and social well-being of their respective communities. The central focus of this research paper is to understand how a religious place functions in the space, place and location. Hisar is known for its rich cultural history and there are various temples, Geographical study of religion in the concerned area has been neglected, which is why this study aims to investigate the development, spread, and impact of religion on people's lives from a geographical perspective. Geographical factors play a vital role in answering pertinent questions about religion. Places of worship also hold signicant importance as they are integral parts of the cultural landscape. The historical background of worship places is complex and multifaceted, and studying it from a geographical perspective can provide valuable insights. However, there has been a notable absence of such research in the concerned study area. Therefore, investigating the factors that contributed to the origin of worship places is an important goal of this study

Spiritual needs among hospitalized patients at a public hospital in Brazil: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The relationship between spirituality and health has been the object of growing discussion. There is a lack of data on spiritual needs assessments in Brazil. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the spiritual needs of patients admitted to a public tertiary hospital and perform a comparative analysis between patients with and without indications for palliative care. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional observational study included patients hospitalized between August and December 2020 in Hospital do Servidor Publico Municipal, Sao Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: The included patients answered a questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic data, the Duke religiosity scale, and the Spiritual Needs Assessment for Patients (SNAP) tool for a spiritual needs assessment. The World Health Organization Palliative Needs tool (NECPAL) was used to evaluate the indications for palliative care. The level of significance adopted was 5%. RESULTS: A total of 66 patients were included in this study. Most participants (97%) declared themselves as belonging to a religion. The group without indication for palliative care by the NECPAL showed greater spiritual (P = 0.043) and psychosocial needs (P = 0.004). No statistically significant difference was observed in the religious needs domain (P = 0.176). There were no statistically significant differences in the Duke scale scores between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Spiritual, psychosocial, and religious needs are prevalent among hospitalized patients, and multidisciplinary teams must consider these needs in their management approach. In addition, this study suggests that psychosocial and spiritual needs can be even higher in patients who do not receive palliative care.

Prevalence of Anemia among Adolescent Girls in Rural Area of a District of Maharashtra

Introduction: Nutritional anemia is one of India’s major public health problems. Adolescence is a vulnerable period in the human life cycle for the development of nutritional anemia. Anemia in adolescent girls contributes to maternal and foetal mortality and morbidity in future. Aim and Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls and to study the sociodemographic factors associated with anemia. Method: It was a community based cross sectional study in 10 villages of a district. 420 adolescent girls were interviewed using a predesigned, pretested questionnaire, and their anemic status was assessed by hemoglobin estimation. Results were analyzed by using percentage, proportion and Chi-square test, with the help of Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS version 20.0 statistical software. Result: Mean age of the study sample was 14.01 ± 2.57 years. The majority (64.8%) of the girls were Hindu by religion and belonged to a nuclear family (53.6%). 45.2 % were educated up to high school level. Most of the girls belonged to socioeconomic class IV (46.0%). The prevalence of anemia in this study was found to be 65.7%. The prevalence of mild and moderate anemia among study participants was 32.6 and 29.8%, respectively. A statistically significant association was found between the prevalence of anemia with age group, educational status of both father and mother, and status of attainment of menarche (p<0.05). Conclusion and Recommendation: The prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls was very high; therefore, attempts must be made to sensitize adolescents and their parents through health and nutrition education, information, education, and communication (IEC), and appropriate behavioral change communication (BCC) activities.

Association between religion, mental health and social distancing during the Covid-19 pandemic / Associação entre religião, saúde mental e distanciamento social na pandemia de Covid-19 / Asociación entre religión, salud mental y distanciamiento social en la pandemia Covid-19

This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the association of religiosity with behaviors and perceptions in the context of social distancing measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as mental health outcomes, in a university community in Central-West Brazil. A sample of 1,796 subjects responded to an online form with socio-demographic questions and the DASS-21 and PWBS scales. Religion was associated with the frequency of interactions, perceptions of the duration of the social distancing measures, changes in emotional state and history of psychological illness. The prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress was lower among people with religion and their scores in psychological well-being were higher. (AU)

Trata-se de um estudo transversal com o objetivo de analisar a associação entre religiosidade e comportamentos e percepções frente ao distanciamento social decorrente da pandemia de Covid-19 e estado de saúde mental em uma comunidade universitária do Centro-Oeste brasileiro. Participaram do estudo 1796 sujeitos, os quais responderam a um formulário online com questões sociodemográficas e às escalas DASS-21 e EBEP. Observou-se associação entre religião e frequência de interações, percepção sobre a duração do distanciamento social e mudanças no estado emocional e histórico de alterações psicológicas. Constatou-se menor prevalência de sintomas relacionados à depressão, à ansiedade e ao estresse e maiores escores de bem-estar psicológico entre aqueles com religião. (AU)

Se trata de un estudio transversal con el objetivo de analizar la asociación entre religiosidad, comportamientos y percepciones frente al distanciamiento social resultante de la pandemia Covid-19 y el estado de salud mental en una comunidad universitaria de la región Centro-Oeste de Brasil. Participaron en el estudio 1796 sujetos, que respondieron un formulario en línea con preguntas sociodemográficas y las escalas DASS-21 y EBEP. Se observó asociación entre religión y frecuencia de interacciones, la percepción de la duración del aislamiento social y los cambios en el estado emocional y el historial de cambios psicológicos. Se observó una menor prevalencia de síntomas relacionados con la depresión, la ansiedad y el estrés, y puntuaciones más altas de bienestar psicológico entre quienes profesaban una religión. (AU)

Associação entre burnout e religiosidade/espiritualidade em médicos da Atenção Primária / Association between burnout and religiosity/spirituality in Primary Care physicians / Asociación entre burnout y religiosidad/espiritualidad en médicos de Atención Primaria de Salud

Introdução: O burnout, condição frequente entre médicos de família e comunidade, surge em resposta a fatores estressores do trabalho, gerando consequências negativas para o indivíduo e para o sistema de saúde. Apesar disso, ainda há poucos estudos investigando o tema na Atenção Primária (AP) no Brasil. A religiosidade/espiritualidade (R/E) é uma das "ferramentas" que pode ser utilizada no enfrentamento do burnout, com alguns estudos demonstrando uma relação inversa. Objetivo: Testar a correlação entre burnout e R/E e avaliar as relações entre burnout e varáveis sociodemográficas e ocupacionais em médicos da AP. Método: Pesquisa transversal, realizada entre setembro e dezembro de 2021, por meio de inquérito virtual direcionado a todos os médicos em atividade da AP de Florianópolis. O burnout e a R/E foram aferidos pelas versões validadas em português dos instrumentos OLBI e DSES. Resultados: Obtivemos 102 respostas (equivalentes à taxa de resposta de 68,9%). Não encontramos correlação entre burnout e R/E (0,06; p=0,57) e entre burnout e tempo de equipe (-0,11; p=0,26). Foi encontrada correlação negativa fraca entre o escore de burnout e idade (-0,23; p<0,05) e tempo de formado (-0,23; p<0,05), ou seja, o aumento da idade ou do tempo de formado estiveram acompanhados de discreta redução no escore OLBI. Não houve associação entre burnout e gênero (Pearson, p=0,54) e entre burnout e estado civil (Pearson, p=0,35). Conclusões: Não foi encontrada correlação entre burnout e R/E. Fatores diretamente relacionados com o trabalho, pouco explorados nesta pesquisa, possivelmente teriam maior impacto nos níveis de burnout em relação às condições de caráter mais pessoal, como a R/E. Estudos futuros, com abordagens longitudinais e/ou qualitativas, devem levar em conta a pesquisa de tais variáveis.

Introduction: Burnout, a common condition among family physicians, arises in response to work-related stressors, resulting in negative consequences for individuals and the healthcare system. Despite this, there are still few studies investigating this in Primary Care (PC) in Brazil. Religiousness/spirituality (R/S) is one of the "tools" that can be used to cope with burnout, with some studies demonstrating an inverse relationship. Objective: To test the correlation between burnout and R/S and to evaluate the relationships between burnout and sociodemographic and occupational variables in primary care physicians. Methods: Cross-sectional research carried out between September and December 2021 through a virtual survey directed at all active primary care physicians in Florianópolis. Burnout and R/S were assessed using the validated Portuguese versions of the OLBI and DSES instruments. Results: 102 responses were obtained (equivalent to a response rate of 68.9%). No correlation between burnout and R/S (0.06; p=0.57) and between burnout and team affiliation duration (-0.11; p=0.26) were found. A weak negative correlation was found between the burnout score and age (-0.23; p<0.05) and years since graduation (-0.23; p<0.05), meaning that an increase in age or years since graduation was accompanied by a slight reduction in the OLBI score. There was no association between burnout and gender (Pearson, p=0.54) or between burnout and marital status (Pearson, p=0.35). Conclusions: No correlation was found between burnout and R/S. Factors directly related to work, which were less explored in this research, likely had a greater impact on burnout levels compared to more personal characteristics such as religiousness/spirituality. Future studies, with longitudinal and qualitative approaches, should take into account the investigation of such variables.

Introducción: El burnout, una condición común entre los médicos de familia y comunitarios, surge en respuesta a factores estresantes laborales, lo que resulta en consecuencias negativas tanto para el individuo como para el sistema de atención médica. A pesar de esto, todavía existen pocos estudios que investiguen esto en la Atención Primaria (AP) en Brasil. La religiosidad/espiritualidad (R/E) es una de las "herramientas" que se pueden utilizar para hacer frente al burnout, con algunos estudios que demuestran una relación inversa. Objetivo: Probar la correlación entre burnout y la R/E, y evaluar las relaciones entre burnout y variables sociodemográficas y ocupacionales en médicos de atención primaria. Métodos: Investigación transversal realizada entre septiembre y diciembre de 2021, llevada a cabo a través de una encuesta virtual dirigida a todos los médicos de atención primaria en actividad en Florianópolis. El burnout y la R/E se evaluaron utilizando las versiones validadas en portugués de los instrumentos OLBI y DSES. Resultados: Obtuvimos 102 respuestas (equivalente a una tasa de respuesta del 68,9%). No encontramos correlación entre burnout y la R/E (0,06; p=0,57) ni entre burnout y la duración de afiliación al equipo (-0,11; p=0,26). Se encontró una débil correlación negativa entre la puntuación de burnout y la edad (-0,23; p<0,05) y los años desde la graduación (-0,23; p<0,05), lo que significa que un aumento en la edad o en los años desde la graduación estuvo acompañado de una ligera reducción en la puntuación de OLBI. No hubo asociación entre burnout y el género (Pearson, p=0,54) ni entre burnout y el estado civil (Pearson, p=0,35). Conclusiones: No se encontró correlación entre burnout y la R/E. Los factores directamente relacionados con el trabajo, que fueron menos explorados en esta investigación, probablemente tuvieron un mayor impacto en los niveles de burnout en comparación con características más personales como la R/E. Estudios futuros, con enfoques longitudinales y/o cualitativos, deben tener en cuenta la investigación de tales variables.

Espiritualidade de pessoas vivendo com hiv/aids e suas representações sociais: encontro com Deus e a religião / Espiritualidad de las personas que viven con el vih/sida y sus representaciones sociales: encuentro con Dios y la religión / Spirituality of People Living with hiv/aids and their Social Representations: Encounter with God and Religion

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a estrutura das representações sociais da espiritualidade para pes-soas que vivem com o hiv/aids e identificar o núcleo central e os elementos periféricos superativados das representações sociais da espiritualidade. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória com abordagem quanti-qualitativa pautada na abordagem estrutural da teoria das representações sociais. Foram utilizadas diferentes técnicas de coleta de dados e análise, desta forma, o estudo foi realizado ao longo de três anos, os dados foram coletados entre os anos de 2015 a 2018. Participaram do estudo pessoas vivendo com hiv/aidsatendidas num serviço ambulatorial especializado vinculado a um hospital universitário estadual da Uni-versidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, dentre estes, 166 responderam ao questionário de evocações livres ao termo indutor de espiritualidade, 61 ao questionário de escolhas sucessivas por blocos, 60 ao de técnica do questionamento, e 50 aos esquemas cognitivos de base. Após os testes, chegou-se ao resultado de que os ele-mentos Deus e religião são centrais nas representações sociais da espiritualidade para o grupo participante, os elementos fé e amor foram identificados como periféricos superativados.

Este estudio pretende analizar la estructura de las re-presentaciones sociales de la espiritualidad de las personas que viven con el vih/sida e identificar el núcleo central y los elementos periféricos superactivados de las representaciones sociales de la espiritualidad. Se trata de una investigación descriptiva y exploratoria con un enfoque cuanti-cualitativo basado en el enfoque estructural de la teoría de las representaciones sociales. Se utilizaron diferentes técnicas de recolección y aná-lisis de datos, de esta manera, el estudio se realizó a lo largo de tres años, los datos fueron recolectados entre el 2015 y 2018. Participaron del estudio personas que viven con vih/sida, atendidas en un servicio ambula-torio especializado vinculado a un hospital universitario estadual de la Universidad Estadual de Río de Janeiro, entre ellas, 166 respondieron al cuestionario de evocaciones libres al término inductivo espiritualidad, 61 al cuestionario de elecciones sucesivas por bloques, 60 a la técnica de cuestionamiento, y 50 a los esquemas de base cognitiva. Después de las pruebas, el resultado fue que los elementos Dios y religión son centrales en las representaciones sociales de la espiritualidad para el grupo participante, los elementos fe y amor fueron identificados como periféricos superactivados.

This study aimed to analyze the structure of social representations regarding spirituality of people living with hiv/aids and to identify its central nucleus and peripheral superactivated elements. It was a quantitative and qua-litative descriptive and exploratory research based on the structural approach of social representations theory. Different techniques of data collection and analysis were used. Thus, the study was carried out over three years (2015-2018). The participants were people living with hiv/aids treated at a specialized outpatient service linked to the State University of Rio de Janeiro. Among these, 166 answered the questionnaire of free evocations to the inducing term spirituality, 61 to the questionnaire of successive choices by blocks, 60 to the questioning technique, and 50 to the basic cognitive schemes. After the tests, the result was that the elements 'God' and 'religion' are central to the social representations of spiritua-lity for the participating group. The elements 'faith' and 'love' were identified as peripheral superactivated ones.

"A vara da disciplina": discursos de religiosos em defesa de castigos físicos para a educação de crianças e adolescentes / "The rod of discipline": Religious discourses that defend physical punishment in the education of children and adolescents

A Lei Menino Bernardo (LMB) proíbe o uso dos castigos físicos e, desde sua promulgação, tem gerado resistência das alas conservadoras, especialmente religiosas, considerando-a uma intervenção do Estado nos "assuntos de família". Analisamos os discursos pró-castigos físicos disseminados na Internet, identificando seus argumentos e contextos discursivos. Examinamos 43 vídeos, que foram transcritos, e sua codificação interpares foi feita por meio do Atlas.ti, seguida de análise crítica do discurso. Reconhecendo a diversidade do "mundo evangélico" e de suas posturas políticas, identificamos discursos de lideranças conservadoras que enunciam oposição entre a "Família de Deus" e o "Estado do Demônio". O castigo físico é traduzido pelo conceito bíblico de "vara", a ser aplicado pelos pais, que são a autoridade instituída por Deus. A LMB é associada ao caos e à perda de valores cristãos; e é considerada um ato do Estado para enfraquecer a família.(AU)

La Ley Menino Bernardo prohíbe el uso de los castigos físicos y desde su promulgación ha generado resistencia de las alas conservadoras, especialmente religiosas, considerándola una intervención del Estado en los "asuntos de la familia". Analizamos los discursos pro-castigos físicos diseminados en Internet, identificando sus argumentos y contextos discursivos. Examinamos 43 videos, trascritos y su codificación interpares se realizó por medio de Atlas.ti, seguida de análisis crítico del discurso. Reconociendo la diversidad del "mundo evangélico" y de sus posturas políticas, identificamos discursos de liderazgos conservadores que enuncian la oposición entre la "Familia de Dios" x "Estado del Demonio". El castigo físico se traduce por el concepto bíblico de "vara" a ser aplicado por los padres que son la autoridad instituida por Dios. La LMP se asocia al caos, a la pérdida de valores cristianos y al acto del Estado para debilitar la familia.(AU)

The Menino Bernardo Law prohibits the use of physical punishment and, since its enactment, has generated resistance from conservatives, especially religious groups, who consider it an intervention of the State in "family matters". We analyzed pro-physical punishment discourses disseminated on the Internet, identifying their arguments and discursive contexts. Forty-three videos were examined and transcribed, and peer coding was performed using Atlas.ti, followed by critical discourse analysis. Recognizing the diversity of the "evangelical world" and its political positions, we identified conservative discourses about the opposition between the "Family of God" and the "State of the Devil". Physical punishment is translated by the biblical concept of "rod" to be applied by parents, who are the authorities instituted by God. The Menino Bernardo Law is associated with chaos, loss of Christian values, and the State's action to weaken the family.(AU)